基于任务的微机电惯性系统规模化测试技术研究

针对传统惯性测试技术测试周期长、测试效率低、测试成本高等问题，提出了基于任务的微机电惯性系统规模化测试解决方案。研究分析了微机电惯性系统测试技术的研究现状和发展趋势，建立了基于任务的微机电惯性系统测试体系，详细论证了微机电惯性系统批量、并行、自动化测试解决方案的可行性，为微机电惯性系统规模化测试实践奠定了基础。     

A new steering approach for VSCMGs with high precision

A new variable speed control moment gyro (VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque:control momentum gyro (CMG)/reaction wheel (RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW sub-modes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.     

大量程MEMS陀螺仪在高速旋转导弹上的应用

弹旋频率是影响旋转导弹制导精度的主要因素之一.本文提出了一种弹旋频率测量用大量程MEMS陀螺仪技术方案,开展了大量程MEMS陀螺仪在旋转导弹上的应用研究,解决了大量程MEMS陀螺仪在偏心安装、较大力学环境下提高测量精度等问题,通过了飞行试验验证,实现了旋转导弹弹旋频率的精确测量.     

基于双框架控制力矩陀螺的航天器动量管理

为减小维持大型航天器的姿态稳定和降低能量消耗的动量管理中的扰动力矩对姿态稳定的干扰,设计了周期性抑制滤波器。姿态控制的执行机构采用双框架控制力矩陀螺群（DGCMGs）,应用KENNEL操纵率,使航天器执行机构的角动量在本体系的x轴分量和偏航角可达稳定,同时角动量在本体系的z轴分量和滚转角可在较小的范围内振荡。数值仿真结果验证了方案的可行性。     

Inflatable shape changing colonies assembling versatile smart space structures

Various plants have the ability to follow the sun with their flowers or leaves during the course of a day via a mechanism known as heliotropism. This mechanism is characterised by the introduction of pressure gradients between neighbouring motor cells in the plant?s stem, enabling the stem to bend. By adapting this bio-inspired mechanism to mechanical systems, a new class of smart structures can be created. The developed overall structure is made up of a number of cellular colonies, each consisting of a central pressure source surrounded by multiple cells. After launch, the cellular arrays are deployed in space and are either preassembled or alternatively are attached together during their release or afterwards. A central pressure source is provided by a high-pressure storage unit with an integrated valve, which provides ingress gas flow to the system; the gas is then routed through the system via a sequence of valve operations and cellular actuations, allowing for any desired shape to be achieved within the constraints of the deployed array geometry. This smart structure consists of a three dimensional adaptable cellular array with fluid controlling Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) components enabling the structure to change its global shape. The proposed MEMS components include microvalves, pressure sensors, mechanical interconnect structures, and electrical routing. This paper will also give an overview of the system architecture and shows the feasibility and shape changing capabilities of the proposed design with multibody dynamic simulations. Example applications of this lightweight shape changing structure include concentrators, mirrors, and communications antennas that are able to dynamically change their focal point, as well as substructures for solar sails that are capable of steering through solar winds by altering the sails? subjected area.     

基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法

微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。     

高垂直度和低沉积的MEMS陀螺梳齿结构释放工艺

梳齿型微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺的释放要求结构具有垂直度高、释放过程沉积聚合物少的特点,通过优化深硅刻蚀的工艺参数,包括钝化气体八氟环丁烷（C4F8）的流量、衬底温度、刻蚀气体六氟化硫（SF6）的流量和钝化气体C4F8的压力,实现了结构垂直度为90.0°、支撑层表面沉积物厚度为87.1nm的梳齿结构释放工艺。深硅刻蚀工艺的优化为高性能MEMS陀螺的加工提供了基础。     

微型化半球陀螺制备工艺发展现状及趋势分析

因低噪声、高性能、无磨损的优势，半球陀螺已成为航空、航天领域内的最佳导航陀螺。半球陀螺的微型化是微机电陀螺领域的研究热点，全球各研究单位设计了多种形态的谐振器结构，开发了各具特色的加工工艺，其选用的材质也各不相同，并研制出了形态各异的微半球陀螺结构。对半球陀螺微型化的历程和方式进行了综述，着重对微型化半球陀螺壳体谐振器的结构形态、工艺制备方法和选材进行了对比和分析，并对各微型化途径的特点进行了讨论和展望。     

BLKF方法抑制MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声

针对微机电系统（MEMS）惯性传感器应用卡尔曼滤波（KF）处理数据时随机噪声难以估计的缺点，提出一种基于贝叶斯拉普拉斯卡尔曼滤波（BLKF）的随机噪声更新方法。该方法利用拉普拉斯近似算法，将贝叶斯边缘分布近似表示，能够避免贝叶斯方法更新过程中由于数据维数较大造成后验边缘分布较难估计的情况，提高对随机噪声的更新效率和精度。通过陀螺仪转台实验采集实验数据，运用KF与BLKF分别滤波。对比滤波结果可发现，BLKF比KF能更好地反映真实角速度状态。同时，在陀螺仪角速度变化时，BLKF的可靠性和准确性更高，滤波效果更具优势，能够达到抑制MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声的目的。     

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件摩擦力矩特性研究

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件是空间飞行器姿态控制系统的核心部件，其轴承的性能直接影响着空间飞行器姿态控制系统的控制精度和使用寿命，甚至危及空间飞行器安全.对于控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，轴承摩擦力矩大小及其波动性是轴承的关键性能指标，针对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，在滚动轴承摩擦学和动力学基础上，建立六自由度控制力矩陀螺轴承组件非线性动力学微分方程组，并采用预估 校正的GSTIFF(Gear stiff)变步长积分算法进行求解，对其在有/无重力的工作环境、公 自转工况、轴承预紧力以及保持架兜孔间隙对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及其波动性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明：预紧力对轴承组件摩擦力矩影响显著，预紧力过大或过小都不利于降低摩擦力矩及其波动性，对于本文分析的轴承组件最佳预紧力为50~55N；保持架稳定性受重力影响显著，无重力时自转工况下保持架较稳定；过小的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩增大，过大的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩波动性增大，存在最优兜孔间隙使得摩擦力矩及其波动性都较小，针对本文分析型号的轴承组件，间隙比应控制在0.6~0.8之间.